Joining and Splitting of Sentences
Joining and Splitting of Sentences
Detailed explanation of Joining and Splitting of Sentences in Bengali for easy understanding and its real world application. Smart easy guide in Bengali.
JOINING (SYNTHESIS)
Joining of sentences or synthesis is the combination of a number of sentences into one new sentence-simple, compound, or complex.
একাধিক বাক্যকে একটি নতুন বাক্যের মধ্যে সংযুক্ত করাকে synthesis বলে।
JOINING TO SIMPLE SENTENCES
A simple sentence has only one finite verb
Two or more simple sentences can be combined into one simple sentence in the following ways:
(A) by using an adjective or a participle.
(B) by using an infinitive.
(C) by using a noun in apposition.
(D) by using adverbials.
(E) by the preposition with a noun or Gerund.
Examples
[i] I saw a snake. I ran away.
Ans: Seeing a snake, I ran away.
[ii] I have found a pot. It is broken.
Ans: I have found a broken pot.
[iii] He was tired of walking. He sat down to rest.
Ans: Being tired of walking, he sat down to rest.
Examples
[i] She has four children. She must educate them.
Ans: She has four children to educate.
[ii] You must support your father. It is your duty.
Ans: It is your duty to support your father.
[iii] She is very fat. She cannot run.
Ans: She is too fat to run.
[iv] He has a large family.
He must provide for them.
(C) By using a noun in apposition
Examples
[i] Kunal is my teacher. He lives in Kolkata.
Ans: Kunal, my teacher, lives in Kolkata.
[ii] Kalidas was a great Sanskrit poet. He was the author of Shakuntala.
Ans: Kalidas, a great Sanskrit poet, was the author of Shakuntala.
(D) By using adverbials (adjective + ly).
Examples
[i] Indranil does his work. He is quite honest in his work.
Ans: Indranil does his work quite honestly.
[ii] He will succeed. This is sure.
Ans: He will surely succeed.
[iii] She visits her father. It is regularly.
Ans: She visits her father regularly.
(E) By using preposition with a noun or gerund
Examples
[i] His friend died. He heard the news. He fainted.
Ans: On hearing the news of his friend’s death, he fainted.
[ii] He has failed to succeed many times. He still hopes to succeed.
Ans: In spite of his failures many times to succeed, he hopes to succeed.
[iii] She needs money. She will set up a nursing home.
Ans: For setting up a nursing home, she needs money.
JOINING TO COMPLEX SENTENCES
Joining and Splitting
Two or more simple sentences can be combined into a single complex sentence using noun, adjective, and adverb clause.
By using a Noun Clause.
Examples
[i] The sun rises in the east. Everybody knows it.
Ans: Everybody knows that the sun rises in the east.
[ii] This cannot be cured. This must be endured.
Ans: What cannot be cured must be endured.
[iii] Raju is not working hard. It is painful to know this.
Ans: To know that Raju is not working hard, is painful.
By using an Adjective Clause.
Examples
[i] The television was expensive. My father bought it.
Ans: My father bought the television which was expensive.
[ii] This is the house. My maidservant lives here.
Ans: This is the house where my maidservant lives.
[iii] The time was 8 o’clock. The accident occurred then.
Ans: It was 8 o’clock when the accident occurred.
By using an Adverbial Clause.
Examples
[i] The sun shines. Make hay now.
Ans: Make hay while the sun shines.
[ii] Ajoy is poor. He is honest.
Ans: Though Ajoy is poor he is honest.
[iii] You will not succeed. You must work hard.
Ans: You will not succeed unless you work hard.
JOINING TO COMPOUND SENTENCES
Joining and Splitting
Simple sentences may be converted to compound sentences by using coordinating conjunctions. (See simple to compound)
Examples
[i] He is slow. He is steady.
Ans: He is slow but he is steady.
[ii] He is not a cheat. He is not a gambler.
Ans: He is neither a cheat nor a gambler.
[iii] He was adamant. He was punished.
Ans: He was adamant therefore he was punished.
SPLITTING
Splitting or separating or disjoining is the reverse process of joining.
Splitting of a sentence means the breaking up of a long sentence into its components of a number of shorter sentences.
একটি বড়ো বাক্যকে দুই বা তারও বেশি ছোটো বাক্যে ভাগ করা যায়।
(A) Splitting a single simple sentence into simple sentences:
(1) By turning participles into finite verbs
Combined: Fearing the wolf, the hunter climbed up a tree.
↓
Participle
Split: The hunter feared the wolf. So he climbed up a tree.
সংযুক্ত বাক্যটির মধ্যে থেকেই একাধিক finite verb খুঁজে বের করে, তা থেকেই একাধিক বাক্য তৈরি করতে হবে। প্রয়োজনীয় ক্রিয়াপদগুলি কিছুটা স্পষ্ট, কিছুটা অস্পষ্ট অবস্থায় বাক্যের মধ্যে থাকে।
ওপরের উদাহরণটিতে দুটি ক্রিয়াপদ পাচ্ছি। (1) fearing – যা কিছুটা অস্পষ্ট কারণ এটি একটি participle মাত্র, অসমাপিকা ক্রিয়া, finite verb নয় এবং (2) climbed এটি স্পষ্ট কারণ এটি finite verb। এখন এই participle (fearing) টিকে finite verb-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে পারলেই আলাদা sentence গঠন করা যাবে।
দ্বিতীয় বাক্য দুটিতে পুরোটা দেওয়া আছে। শুধু প্রথম বাক্যের সঙ্গে অর্থের সামঞ্জস্য রাখার জন্য so শব্দটি যোগ করা হয়েছে।
|
Long sentences |
Split up sentences |
|
Present Participle |
|
|
(i) Seeing the teacher, the students ran into the class. |
(i) The students saw the teacher. They ran into the class. |
|
(ii) Being tired, he took rest for some time. |
(ii) He was tired. So he took rest for some time. |
|
(iii) Opening the door, he came in. |
(iii) He opened the door. He came in. |
|
Past participle |
|
|
(i) The wounded man stood up. |
(i) The man was wounded. He stood up. |
|
(ii) He found his lost golden chain. |
(ii) He had lost his golden chain. He found it. |
(2) By turning infinitives into finite verbs.
Combined: We shall remove the bench to make room for ten more people.
Split: (i) We shall remove the bench.
(ii) That will make room for ten more people.
এখানে infinitive ‘to make’ কে finite verb ‘will make’-এ রূপান্তরিত করা হয়েছে এবং এইভাবে আলাদা বাক্য গঠন করা হয়েছে।
|
Long sentences |
Split up sentences |
|
(a) The teacher advised me to write |
(a) (i) I should write more. (ii) The teacher advised me. |
|
(b) The officer will visit this place to verify the records and suggest some remedies. |
(b) (i) The officer will visit this place. (ii) He will verify the records. (iii) He will also suggest some remedies. |
(3) By turning gerunds or prepositions with nouns into finite verbs.
Combined: On hearing the news of her son’s death in an accident, she began to weep.
Split: (i) Her son died in an accident.
(ii) She heard the news.
(iii) She began to weep.
এখানে ‘hearing’ এই gerund কে ‘heard’-এই infinitive verb-এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়েছে। তাছাড়া preposition যুক্ত noun of her son’s death’ থেকে ‘died’—এই finite verb টি বের করা হয়েছে।
|
Long sentences |
Split up sentences |
|
(a) After driving two hundred miles he took a rest for half an hour. |
(i) He drove two hundred miles. (ii) He took a rest for half an hour. |
(4) By turning adverbs or adverbial phrases into full sentences.
Combined: Unfortunately for him, Mr. Pal could not reach the station in time.
Split: (i) Mr. Pal could not reach the station in time.
(ii) This was unfortunate for him.
এখানে unfortunately for him-এই adverbial phrase-এর মধ্যে একটি সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য “This was unfortunate for him’
That লুকিয়ে ছিল।
|
Long sentences |
Split up sentences |
|
(a) In vain they tried to win the villagers’ sympathy. |
(a) (i) They tried to win the villagers’ sympathy. |
|
(b) The train is usually crowded. |
(b) (i) The train is crowded.(ii) It is usual. |
(5) By turning nouns or phrases in apposition into full sentences.
Combined: His failure in the World Cup Cricket was unbelievable.
Split: (i) He failed in the World Cup Cricket.
(ii) This was unbelievable.
এখানে failure –এই noun থেকে finite verb – failed বের করে সম্পূর্ণ আলাদা বাক্য He failed in the World Cup Cricket
গঠন করা হয়েছে।
Combined: Akbar, the greatest of the Mughals, was a man of vision.
Split: (i) Akbar was a man of vision.
(ii) He was the greatest of the Mughals.
এখানে the greatest of the Mughals- এই phrase in apposition-কেই verb যুক্ত করে একটি সম্পূর্ণ আলাদা বাক্য He was the greatest of Mughals. গঠন করা হয়েছে।
(B) Splitting a single complex sentence into a number of simple sentences.
(1) By changing the noun clauses into separate and independent sentences.
Combined: Lila did not believe that Swasati had passed in the first division.
Split: (i) Saswati had passed in the first division.
(ii) Lila did not believe it.
এখানে that Saswati had passed in the first division এই noun clause-কে বদলে that শব্দটি ফেলে দিয়ে একেবারে আলাদা বাক্য Saswati had passed in the first division করা হয়েছে।
|
Long sentences |
Split up sentences |
|
(a) I know that he is innocent. |
(a) (i) He is innocent. |
|
(b) That the boy will pass with distinction is known to everybody. |
(b) (i) The boy will pass. |
(2) By changing the adjective clauses into separate and independent sentences.
Combined: The man who knocked at the door is your relative.
Split: (i) The man knocked at the door.
(ii) The man is your relative.
এখানে who knocked at the door—এই adjective clause টি বদলে who শব্দটি ফেলে দিয়ে একেবারে স্বতন্ত্র বাক্য The man knocked at the door পাওয়া যাচ্ছে।
|
Long sentences |
Split up sentences |
|
(a) The cake which my brother bought from the market is excellent. |
(a) (i) The cake is excellent. |
|
(b) We went to the hermitage where a holy man used to live. |
(b) (i) We went to the hermitage.(ii) A holy man used to live there. |
(3) By changing the adverbial clauses into separate independent sentences.
Combined: We worked overtime in order that we might complete the job before November.
Split: (i) We worked overtime.
(ii) We intended to complete the job before November.
এখানে in order that we might complete the job before November- এই adverbial clause টি বদলে in order
that অংশটি ফেলে দিয়ে একেবারে নতুন বাক্য We intended to complete the job before November পাওয়া যাচ্ছে।
|
Long sentences |
Split up sentences |
|
(a) My friend could not attend the function because he was seriously ill. |
(a) (i) My friend could not attend the function. (ii) He was seriously ill. |
|
(b) We had reached the platform before the train left. |
(b) (i) We reached the platform. (ii) The train had not yet left. |
(C) Splitting a single compound sentence into a number of simple sentences.
(1) By dropping the co-ordinate conjunctions and forming independent sentences:
Long sentence: The man arrived, ordered tea, and then dialed a telephone number.
Split: (i) The man arrived.
(ii) He ordered tea.
(iii) He then dialed a telephone number.
এখানে co-ordinate conjunction ‘and’-কে বাদ দিয়ে ordered ও dialled প্রত্যেকটি finite verb-এর সঙ্গে আলাদা subject জুড়ে পৃথক sentence গঠন করা হয়েছে। এখানে ‘and’ cumulative conjunction |
Long sentence: ‘Neither a borrower nor a lender be’.
Split: (i) Don’t be a borrower.
(ii) Don’t be a lender.
এখানে ‘Neither …..nor’ alternative conjunction.
Long sentence: The fruit seller was poor but not dishonest.
Split: (i) The fruit seller was poor.
(ii) The fruit seller was not dishonest.
এখানে ‘but’ alternative conjunction.
Long sentence: It was a day of festival, so we were all in a joyous mood.
Split: (i) It was a day of festival.
(ii) We were all in a joyous mood.
এখানে ‘so’ illative conjunction.
About the Author
Good…